From 29th September Hindus observe the fortnight (Paksha) of the ancestors (Pitrus). Ancestor veneration is a unique facet of Hinduism and many ancient polytheistic/nature-based religions, where the living offer gratitude to those who preceded them. For Hindus, there are several days in the year when the Pitrus are honoured – Pitru Paksha is the most significant. During this time, Hindus perform the ritual of Shraddha where offerings are made to the previous three generations of Pitrus. In addition, Pitrus are also honoured through singing kirtan, reciting sacred texts and making charitable donations. Cows, crows and dogs are creatures connected to the Hindu concept of the cycle of life and death. They are fed during this time to honour people’s ancestors.
This observance falls in the fortnight between the full and the new moon. This is immediately after the end of the Ganesh Utsav (falling in the lunar month known in different regions as either Bhadrapada or Ashvin). The Hindu month is divided into two fortnights each with 15 thithis (phases of the moon). During each of the 15 thithis of Pitru Paksha, Hindus try to honour loved ones who passed away during that phase. The final day of Pitru Paksha, Sarvapitru or Mahalaya Amavasya (falls 14th October 2023), is the most significant day when all ancestors are honoured, particularly those whose death anniversaries cannot be remembered. This day is also reserved to honour members of the community who died in tragic circumstances where the last rites could not be performed.
Image credits: Biswarup Ganguly
Pitru Paksha – a fortnight of venerating and honouring our ancestors
